{"id":"cma-153809","titulo":{"en":"Stoke by Nayland, Suffolk, from Various Subjects of Landscape, Characteristic of English Scenery","es":"Stoke by Nayland, Suffolk, de Various Subjects of Landscape, Characteristic of English Scenery"},"titulo_original":"Various Subjects of Landscape, Characteristic of English Scenery from Pictures Painted by John Constable, R.A.: Stoke by Neyland, Suffolk","autor":"David Lucas (British, 1802–1881); John Constable (British, 1776–1837)","fecha":"1830","cultura":"England, 19th century","tecnica":"mezzotint","fuente":"Cleveland Museum of Art","licencia":"CC0-1.0","licencia_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","credito":"Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Lynn Prasse Bittel in memory of Leona E. Prasse","url_original":"https://clevelandart.org/art/1987.99","imagen_url":"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.99/1987.99_web.jpg","ficha":{"en":{"titulo":"Stoke by Nayland, Suffolk, from Various Subjects of Landscape, Characteristic of English Scenery","se_ve":"A rectangular black-and-white print on cream paper, with wide margins and lettering below the image: on the left, “Painted by John Constable, R.A.”; on the right, “Engraved by David Lucas”; in the centre, the title “STOKE BY NEYLAND, SUFFOLK.” The scene is a rural landscape under a turbulent sky. On the left, in the middle distance, rises a tall, light-coloured church tower with two arched openings and small pinnacles, beside low houses, trees and the long body of the church. A broad, pale rainbow arcs diagonally from the left edge across the clouds toward the centre, while fine vertical lines suggest rain falling behind the tower. Several small birds cross the upper sky. The right half is dominated by a dense mass of large, dark trees, their foliage rendered with grainy, tangled textures and heavy shadow. Below them, a path catches a little light. In the foreground, a pond or damp meadow reflects faint brightness at lower left, beside reeds, grasses and a broken branch. Near the bottom centre, a small figure leans over a wooden gate or fence; at lower right, another small figure, seen from behind and carrying something light on the head or shoulder, walks away. The scale of the people is tiny against church, trees and sky.","contexto":"According to the source data, this 1830 mezzotint was engraved by David Lucas (1802–1881) after a painting by John Constable (1776–1837), and it belongs to the series Various Subjects of Landscape, Characteristic of English Scenery. It is held by the Cleveland Museum of Art. Constable was known for closely observed studies of the English countryside, its changing skies, and rural labour. Stoke-by-Nayland is a village in Suffolk, in eastern England; the prominent church tower anchors the scene. The exact painting used as the model is not identified in the source data provided.","como_mirarla":"Start with the pale rainbow crossing the sky, then follow it down toward the church tower and the dark rain beyond it. Next, compare that open, luminous distance with the dense shadow of the trees on the right. Finally, look for the two small figures in the foreground: they give scale to the landscape and quietly change a view of nature into a scene of everyday life.","dato_curioso":"Mezzotint is worked largely from dark to light: the plate is first roughened so it would print almost black, and the lighter areas are then smoothed and burnished back in — a technique especially suited to Constable's dramatic skies.","preguntas":["How does the rainbow change your reading of a scene that is otherwise dark and stormy?","Why might Constable and Lucas place such small figures within so large a landscape?","What does the contrast between the illuminated church and the shadowed trees suggest about village life and nature?"]},"es":{"titulo":"Stoke by Nayland, Suffolk, de Various Subjects of Landscape, Characteristic of English Scenery","se_ve":"Es un grabado rectangular en blanco y negro sobre papel crema, con márgenes amplios y texto bajo la imagen: a la izquierda, “Painted by John Constable, R.A.”; a la derecha, “Engraved by David Lucas”; al centro, el título “STOKE BY NEYLAND, SUFFOLK”. La escena muestra un paisaje rural bajo un cielo turbulento. A la izquierda, en segundo plano, se alza la torre clara y alta de una iglesia, con dos vanos de arco y pequeños pináculos, junto a casas bajas, árboles y el cuerpo alargado del templo. Un arcoíris ancho y pálido cruza en diagonal desde el borde izquierdo hasta el centro, mientras líneas verticales finas sugieren lluvia detrás de la torre. Arriba vuelan varias aves pequeñas. La mitad derecha la ocupa una masa densa de árboles grandes y oscuros, con follaje de textura granulada y enredada, cargado de sombra. Debajo, un sendero recibe un poco de luz. En primer plano, a la izquierda, un estanque o prado húmedo refleja una claridad tenue entre juncos, hierbas y una rama quebrada. Cerca del centro inferior, una figurita se inclina sobre una cerca o puerta de madera; abajo a la derecha, otra figura, vista de espaldas y con algo claro sobre la cabeza o el hombro, se aleja caminando. Las personas son diminutas frente a la iglesia, los árboles y el cielo.","contexto":"Según los datos de la fuente, esta mezzotinta de 1830 fue grabada por David Lucas (1802–1881) a partir de una pintura de John Constable (1776–1837) y forma parte de la serie Various Subjects of Landscape, Characteristic of English Scenery. La conserva el Cleveland Museum of Art. Constable fue conocido por observar con detalle el campo inglés, sus cielos cambiantes y el trabajo rural. Stoke-by-Nayland es un pueblo de Suffolk, al este de Inglaterra; la torre prominente de su iglesia ordena la escena. En los datos aportados no se identifica qué pintura exacta sirvió como modelo.","como_mirarla":"Empieza por el arcoíris pálido que cruza el cielo y síguelo hasta la torre de la iglesia y la lluvia oscura detrás de ella. Después compara esa distancia abierta y luminosa con la sombra densa de los árboles de la derecha. Al final busca a las dos figuritas del primer plano: dan escala al paisaje y convierten, sin ruido, una vista de la naturaleza en una escena de vida cotidiana.","dato_curioso":"La mezzotinta se trabaja, en gran parte, de lo oscuro a lo claro: primero se rugosifica la plancha para que imprima casi en negro y luego se pulen y bruñen las zonas luminosas; por eso resulta tan adecuada para los cielos dramáticos de Constable.","preguntas":["¿Cómo cambia el arcoíris tu lectura de una escena por lo demás oscura y tormentosa?","¿Por qué Constable y Lucas habrán colocado figuras tan pequeñas dentro de un paisaje tan grande?","¿Qué sugiere el contraste entre la iglesia iluminada y los árboles en sombra sobre la vida del pueblo y la naturaleza?"]}},"etiquetas":{"en":["english landscape","mezzotint","printmaking","john constable","david lucas","19th century","rainbow","storm sky","village church","trees","suffolk","rural life","melancholy","black and white"],"es":["paisaje inglés","mezzotinta","grabado","john constable","david lucas","siglo xix","arcoíris","cielo de tormenta","iglesia de pueblo","árboles","suffolk","vida rural","melancolía","blanco y negro"]},"objetos":[],"colores":["#111111","#2e2e2e","#6f6f6f","#a9a79e","#d9d6cc","#f4f1e8"],"animo":["tormenta","melancolía","calma","rural"],"epoca":"XXX","certeza":"alta","advertencias":[],"capa":{"voces":[{"guia":"la restauradora","en":"As a conservator I focus on technique: this is a mezzotint engraved by David Lucas after John Constable, printed in black on cream paper with wide margins, bearing the captions «Painted by John Constable, R.A.» and «Engraved by David Lucas» below. I love how ink builds the turbulent sky, the granular foliage and the pale rainbow through gradations from black to light gray, letting the paper's light reveal the pond, the path and the tiny figures before the huge tower.","es":"Como restauradora me detengo en la técnica: es una mezzotinta grabada por David Lucas a partir de John Constable, impresa en negro sobre papel crema de márgenes amplios, con las leyendas «Painted by John Constable, R.A.» y «Engraved by David Lucas» al pie. Me fascina cómo la tinta construye el cielo turbulento, el follaje granulado y el arcoíris pálido mediante gradaciones de negro a gris claro, dejando que la luz del papel revele el estanque, el sendero y las diminutas figuras frente a la inmensa torre."},{"guia":"el astrónomo aficionado","en":"I am drawn to the sky, which fills almost half the print. I see dark storm clouds, fine rain in vertical lines behind the pale tower and a wide rainbow crossing diagonally toward the center. I picture Constable watching English weather change in minutes. The small birds above and the faint light reflected on the damp meadow make me think of that moment right after a shower, when sun tries to return among huge shadows.","es":"A mí me atrapa el cielo, que ocupa casi la mitad del grabado. Veo nubes oscuras de tormenta, lluvia fina en líneas verticales detrás de la torre clara y un arcoíris ancho que cruza en diagonal hacia el centro. Me imagino a Constable mirando el tiempo inglés que cambia en minutos. Las aves pequeñas arriba y la luz tenue que se refleja en el prado húmedo me hacen pensar en ese momento justo después del chubasco, cuando el sol intenta volver entre sombras enormes."},{"guia":"la niña de ocho años","en":"It looks like an adventure day after rain. On the left there is a super tall church with little points and on the right huge very dark trees like a jungle. A rainbow crosses the sky and tiny birds fly above. Below there is water with grass and a fallen branch, and two very tiny people, one leaning on a fence and another walking away with something light on the back. Everything is huge except them!","es":"Parece un día de aventura después de la lluvia. A la izquierda hay una iglesia altísima con picos y a la derecha unos árboles gigantes y muy oscuros como una selva. Un arcoíris cruza el cielo y se ven pajaritos volando. Abajo hay agua con hierbas y una rama tirada, y dos personitas muy chiquitas, una agachada en una cerca y otra que se va caminando con algo claro en la espalda. ¡Todo es enorme menos ellas!"}],"retos":[{"pregunta":{"en":"Look closely: how many tiny human figures can you spot in the lower foreground and center?","es":"Cuenta con atención: ¿cuántas figuras humanas diminutas se distinguen en el primer plano y centro bajo?"},"pista":{"en":"Look near the pond and the path, one leans over a fence and the other walks away with back turned.","es":"Mira cerca del estanque y del sendero, una está agachada sobre una cerca y otra camina de espaldas."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"What pale luminous phenomenon crosses the sky diagonally above the tower?","es":"¿Qué fenómeno luminoso y pálido cruza el cielo en diagonal por encima de la torre?"},"pista":{"en":"It appears after rain and forms a light arch over the dark clouds.","es":"Aparece después de la lluvia y forma un arco claro sobre las nubes oscuras."}},{"pregunta":{"en":"On the left, rising above houses and trees, what tall pale building organizes the landscape?","es":"A la izquierda, alzándose sobre casas y árboles, ¿qué edificio alto y claro ordena el paisaje?"},"pista":{"en":"It has two arched openings and small pinnacles at the top.","es":"Tiene dos vanos en arco y pequeños pináculos en lo alto."}}],"conexiones":["paisaje inglés del siglo XIX","técnica de mezzotinta y grabado","cielos y clima como protagonista","arquitectura rural e iglesias de pueblo","arcoíris y efectos de luz","escala humana frente a la naturaleza","vida rural y melancolía romántica","colección Various Subjects of Landscape"]},"salas":[],"escrita_por":"muse-wonder-1.0"}